Vaping and E-cigarettes: Do They Cause Gum Problems?

Vaping and e-cigarettes are frequently marketed as healthier options compared to traditional cigarettes. However, they still affect both oral and overall health. A study report released by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine reviewed over 800 different studies, which indicate that the use of e-cigarettes poses health risks.¹ The study concluded that e-cigarettes contain and emit several potentially toxic substances. These chemicals, including nicotine, flavorings, colorings, and propylene glycol—a clear, colorless, viscous liquid with a faintly sweet taste²—have many negative effects on the mouth that could contribute to the development and progression of gum problems. Discover the effects of vaping on your gums and overall oral health.

Vaping and E-Cigarettes: A Healthier Choice?

The European Federation of Periodontology has warned that vaping electronic cigarettes can be just as bad to gums and oral health as smoking traditional tobacco cigarettes.³ Although research is still ongoing, there is evidence suggesting a clear link between e-cigarettes and poor gums and oral health. Several studies have indicated various health risks associated with vaping, including potential negative effects on general and oral health. Despite not containing tobacco, e-cigarettes do contain nicotine, which can negatively impact all parts of the mouth. Dry mouth caused by vaping can potentially lead to dental problems and cavities.⁴ When you vape, you inhale e-liquids, also called vaping juice, which can contain bad substances even when labeled ‘nicotine-free’. These include heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and cancer-causing chemicals. The risk of vaping devices causing problems in your mouth is much higher if they contain nicotine.

General Impact of E-Smoking on Gums

Vaping has become popular as an alternative to traditional tobacco smoking. However, people who vape are more likely to develop gum problems than non-smokers because of the chemicals that the vape contains. Here’s how vaping can adversely affect your oral health:

• Dry Mouth: Vaping can cause dry mouth because nicotine decreases saliva production. This reduction in saliva can leave your mouth feeling constantly dry because the moisture that saliva should provide is drawn into the vapor instead.⁵
• Bad Breath: A dry mouth and reduced saliva production can cause bad breath. Additionally, nicotine and artificial flavorings in e-liquids can contribute to unpleasant odors.
• Increased Risk of Cancer: Vaping has been associated with an increased risk of developing lung, oral, and bladder cancers. Most vapers are current or former cigarette smokers.⁶
• Stained Teeth: The chemicals found in e-cigarettes can potentially cause yellow or brown stains on your teeth. Although primarily a cosmetic issue, the appearance of your teeth can impact your overall well-being.⁷
• Tooth Loss: Nicotine restricts circulation to the gums and affects our mouth’s natural ability to produce saliva and replenish connective tissue, leading to a higher risk of gum problems and tooth loss.
• Cavities: Vaping can lead to cavities because it reduces saliva production and increases plaque buildup.

Potential Link to Gum Problems

New evidence strongly suggests that vaping is associated with a higher risk of developing gum problems. Vape pens can introduce micro-organisms that contribute to these oral problems.⁸ Additionally, some studies indicate that quitting vaping can lead to improvements in oral health. Moreover, the use of e-cigarettes has been found to reduce the antioxidant capacity of saliva, similar to the effect observed in traditional cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers. This reduction in antioxidant capacity weakens the immune system's defenses in the oral cavity.⁹

Recommendations for Vapers

Gum problems caused by vaping can be addressed, but the first and most crucial step is to stop vaping. Quitting e-cigarettes can reduce the exposure of toxic chemicals to your gums and give your body a chance to heal. Here’s a guide to help manage and potentially reverse gum problems: 

• Use a soft-bristled toothbrush: A soft-bristled toothbrush can help avoid further irritation to sensitive gum tissues. Ensure you are brushing gently but thoroughly.
• Floss daily: Dental floss can be used to clean between the teeth.
• Regular dental checkups: Visit your dentist for checkups and cleanings. Regular monitoring can help catch and address any recurring or new gum problems early.¹⁰
• Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help relieve dry mouth caused by vaping and support saliva production, which is crucial for neutralizing acids and washing away food particles.
• Maintain excellent oral hygiene: Brush your teeth twice a day and floss daily. Consider using an antimicrobial mouthwash to help reduce micro-organisms. Regular oral hygiene practices are essential for avoiding further gum problems.
• Adopt a healthy diet:A well-balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals can help maintain gum health. Foods rich in vitamin C, for example, support gum tissue repair and overall oral health.

Vaping and e-cigarettes present significant risks to oral health, especially concerning gum problems. Research indicates that the substances in e-cigarettes, such as nicotine and various additives, can lead to dry mouth, bad breath, and potentially contribute to tooth loss. These substances can reduce the antioxidant capacity of saliva, affecting oral health. Dealing with these problems requires taking proactive measures, including quitting vaping and maintaining good oral hygiene. Regular dental check-ups, hydration, and a balanced diet are important in addressing and potentially reversing gum problems linked to vaping. Staying informed can help minimize the negative effects on your oral health and support your overall well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions:

Does shisha affect gum health?

Shisha, like any other product that contains nicotine, is associated with numerous health problems, including gum problems, oral cancer, and other dental conditions.¹¹

Are e-cigarettes safe for people with existing gum problems?

Vaping can weaken your immune system, making it harder to fight off gum problems. Additionally, vaping can inhibit gum healing once more serious problems occur.

Do gums heal after quitting vaping?

If you stop vaping, your gum health will dramatically improve. Regardless of how long you've been vaping, when you stop, the circulation within your gum tissue gradually begins to heal.

References

¹www.nap.edu

²www.atsdr.cdc.gov

³www.news-medical.net

⁴www.tcdmadison.com.

⁵altoonasmiles.com.

⁶www.healthline.com

⁷www.tompkinsdental.com

⁸www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

⁹www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

¹⁰gumdiseaseguide.org

¹¹www.princeviewdental.com